拥有较高的 VO2max并不一定意味着你会成功。尽管下面列出的所有运动员在他们所选择的运动中都是成功的,但是也有一些同样成功的运动员没有记录到如此高的 VO2max分数。在有氧运动中,显然还有其他因素需要考虑。
表1 全球男子运动员 VO2max排行榜
数值
运动员
项目
备注
97.5
Oskar Svendsen
Cycling
18 year old from Lillehammer, Norway. The test was conducted in Sept 2012 at the University College of Lillehammer.
96.0
Espen Harald Bjerke
Norwegian cross country skier
This score was achieved in 2005 (7.3 liter/min, 76 kg body weight).
96.0
Bjørn Dæhlie
Norwegian cross country skier
This score is commonly quoted, though another source has him recording a best of 90 ml/kg/min.
93.0
Kurt Asle Arvesen
Road Cycling
A Norwegian professional road bicycle racer for Team Sky.
92.5
Greg LeMond
cycling
US professional cyclist
92.0
Kilian Jornet
Ultr-endurance runner
There are many online references to a score of 92, though his website lists his VO2max of 85-90.
92.0
Matt Carpenter
runner
Pikes Peak marathon course record holder
92.0
Tore Ruud Hofstad
Norwegian cross country skier
achieved in 2005
91.0
Gunde Svan
Swedish XC-skier
won a total of 4x gold, 1x silver and 1x bronze medals at the Winter Olympics.
91.0
Harri Kirvesniem
Finnish cross country skier
88.0
Miguel Indurain
cycling
professional cyclist
88.0
Anders Aukland
cross country skier
achieved 2005.
87.4
Marius Bakken
runner
Norwegian 5k record holder
87.0
Jon Anders Gaustad
cross country skier
achieved 2005.
86.4
Edvad Boasson Hagen
road cyclist
from Norway and Team Columbia-HTC. Figure taken from article on www.syklingensverden.com, said to be from 2008.
86.0
Thor Hushovd
cycling
listed in an article on www.fasterskier.com.
86.0
Ole Einar Bjœrndalen
biathlon
listed in an article on www.fasterskier.com.
85.0
Dave Bedford
runner
10k world record holder
85.0
John Ngugi
distance runner
World XC Champion
84.6
Chris Fromme
cyclist
from a test at the GlaxoSmithKline Human Performance lab in London in August 2015.
84.4
Steve Prefontaine
runner
from the US
84.0
Lance Armstrong
cycling
professional cyclist
83.5
Mark Walters
cycling
a pro-cyclist, former Navigators team member, won Philadelphia. This score was from the peak of his career.
83.0
Jens Arne Svartedal
cross country skier
achieved 2005, listed in an article on www.fasterskier.com.
82.7
Gary Tuttle
US runner
82.0
Kip Keino
runner
Olympic 1500 champion
81.1
Craig Virgin
distance runner
twice World cross country champ
81.0
Jim Ryun
runner
US miler WR holder
80.9
Øyvind Leonhardsen
Norwegian professional soccer player
listed in an article on www.fasterskier.com.
80.1
Steve Scott
runner
US miler 3:47
表2 全球女子运动员VO2max排行榜
数值
运动员
项目
备注
78.6
Joan Benoit
distance running
1984 Olympic Marathon Champion
76.6
Bente Skari
XC-skier
76.0
Flavia Oliveira
Cycling
Oliveira is a Brazilian National Team road cyclist and climbing specialist.
74
Charlotte Kalla
XC-skier
achieved at only 2O years of age
72
Marit Bjoergen
XC-skier
72
Toini Rönnlund
XC-skier
achieved in the sixties sometime.
71.2
Ingrid Kristiansen
distance running
ex-Marathon World Record Holder
67.2
Rosa Mota
distance running
Marathon runner
通常在实验室条件下让受试者在一定的运动器械上(如功率车、跑台、手摇功率计、攀登器、划船测功器、游泳测功器等)进行逐级递增负荷运动试验测定其摄氧量。测定最大摄氧量的判定标准是:
继续运动后,摄氧量的差小于5%或150ml/min或2ml/kg.min;
呼吸商成人大于1.10,少儿大于1.00,心率大于180b/min,血乳酸大于7~8mmol/l;
受试者已发挥最大力量并无力保持规定的负荷即达精疲力竭;继续运动时摄氧量出现下降。
继续运动后,摄氧量的差小于5%或150ml/min或2ml/kg.min;
呼吸商成人大于1.10,少儿大于1.00,心率大于180b/min,血乳酸大于7~8mmol/l;
受试者已发挥最大力量并无力保持规定的负荷即达精疲力竭;继续运动时摄氧量出现下降。
1:血压袖口,2:心电图传感器,3:血压监测仪,4:功率自行车,5:ECG监视器,6:口嘴,7:饱和度监视器
最大摄氧量的直接测定对训练有素的运动员可靠,重复性好,但对于其他人群不适宜,同时测试中要充分考虑运动程序的设置、负荷安排及使用仪器等。测试过程中随着负荷不断增加,摄氧量逐级增加并与心率呈线性关系,当强度足够大后,摄氧量不再随心率增加而出现平台,此时得到的数据就是最大摄氧量。测试仪器的选择应根据不同运动项目去选取,同时测试的起始负荷及递增时间、递增负荷要根据受试者的具体情况来确定。一般情况下可先进行预试验再设置起始负荷和级差幅度。最大摄氧量测试时间为12分钟左右达到力竭,起始功率为最大功率的30%,每级递增10%~15%。
最大摄氧量大,或者持续时间长,是有氧做功能力强的表现。同时因为最大摄氧量的遗传度较高,因此可作为选材的生理指标。同时,最大摄氧量还可反映运动员在不同训练状态时心肺功能的变化及运动员训练状态好坏的评定。
VO2max被认为是心肺耐力和有氧能力单次测量的最好指标。但是马拉松比赛优胜者却又无法从实验室测得的 VO2max值来预测其成绩表现。 VO2max仅仅是预测耐力跑成绩的一个稳定指标,这表明好的成绩并不仅仅需要一个高的 VO2max水平。
同样的,研究也指出仅仅8~12周的运动训练就可以提高 VO2max水平,然后就处于稳定期,无论再怎样提高强度持续训练也无法进一步提高。尽管 VO2max水平不再持续增加,但其耐力成绩仍可持续进步,表明运动者以更高百分比的V VO2max来完成运动。例如,大部分42公里的马拉松参赛者可以用近乎75%~80% VO2max的平均跑速跑完全程。
以马拉松世界优秀选手Alberto Salazar为例,他的 VO2max是70ml/kg.min,这个值比根据他的马拉松最好成绩2小时8分钟所推算的 VO2max值低,而他确实能够以86% VO2max的跑速跑完全程,这个百分比比其他一些世界级选手要高得多,这也许可以部分解释他世界一流的跑步能力。
参考资料:
王瑞元. 运动生理学, 北京体育大学出版社. 2013.
World Best VO2max Scores. https://www.topendsports.com/testing/records/vo2max.htm返回搜狐,查看更多